生态经济

“十五五”时期是我国全面推进美丽中国建设、实现碳达峰目标和推动经济社会全面绿色转型的关键阶段，环境经济政策亟需从健全体系向效能提升转变。论文立足“十四五”时期环境经济政策实践基础，分析了“十五五”时期深入推进环境经济政策改革的新需求以及重点思路方向。研究认为，环境经济政策发展重点从四维度深入推进：完善基于市场的绿色税费、资源价格调控机制，推动环境成本和生态收益纳入企业决策；健全利用市场的碳排放权、排污权、水权、用能权及绿证绿电交易优化资源配置，激励企业与社会资本参与绿色低碳转型；加强规范市场的碳市场规则、交易监管及风险防控，确保市场机制有效运行；优化支撑市场的财政金融、生态补偿、环境信息披露、环保信用评价及生态产品价值核算，提供制度和技术保障。通过政策组合创新及政府引导、市场有效、法治保障与社会参与的协同推进，环境经济政策将在“十五五”期间为资源环境高效配置、生态环境质量根本改善及美丽中国建设提供坚实制度支撑。

The “15th Five-Year Plan” period represents a critical stage for China in comprehensively advancing the construction of a Beautiful China,achieving peak carbon emissions,and promoting a full-scale green transformation of the economy and society.During this period,environmental economic policies need to shift from merely consolidating the system to enhancing their operational effectiveness.Building on the practical experience of the 14th Five-Year Plan,this study analyzes the emerging demands and key strategic directions for deepening environmental economic policy reform.The research highlights that policy development should advance along four dimensions:first,market-based instruments,including green taxes,resource pricing adjustment mechanism,should provide effective price signals to integrate environmental costs and ecological benefits into corporate decision-making;second,market-utilizing instruments,such as carbon emission rights,pollution rights,water rights,energy-use rights,and green certificate and renewable electricity trading,should optimize resource allocation and incentivize enterprises and social capital to engage in low-carbon transformation;third,market-regulating instruments,including pollution permit systems,carbon market rules,transaction supervision,and risk control mechanisms,should ensure effective market functioning;and fourth,market-supporting instruments,encompassing fiscal and financial incentives,ecological compensation,environmental information disclosure,environmental credit evaluation,and ecological product value accounting,should provide robust institutional and technical support.Through innovative policy combinations and coordinated governance—integrating proactive government guidance,effective market mechanisms,legal safeguards,and social participation—environmental economic policies during the 15th Five-Year Plan will facilitate efficient resource and environmental allocation,fundamentally improve ecological quality,and provide solid institutional support for the construction of a Beautiful China.