生态经济

在“两山”理念指引下，生态产品价值实现已成为推动绿色低碳发展的重要路径。水生态产品作为生态产品的关键构成，因其流动性、公共性、功能复合性与生态脆弱性等特征，在价值实现过程中面临显著的供需结构性矛盾。基于供需融合视角，构建了“供给系统—需求系统—融合通道”三位一体的理论框架，并以首批国家生态产品价值实现机制试点城市浙江省湖州市为案例，系统剖析其水生态产品价值实现的路径与机制。在供给端，湖州市通过强化自然禀赋、深化保护修复、培育多元产品，形成了稳定优质的供给体系；在需求端，湖州市通过场景供给、品牌赋能、考核倒逼等措施，将公众、产业与政府的潜在需求转化为有效需求；在融合通道层面，湖州市通过制度、市场与技术三维协同创新，有效破解了供需对接障碍。湖州实践验证了“供需融合”框架的有效性，形成“保护—增值—变现—再保护”的良性循环，为不同资源禀赋、经济发展水平和社会技术基础的地区破解水生态产品“度量难、交易难、抵押难、变现难”问题提供了可适配的创新模式与实践参考。

Under the guidance of Two Mountains Theory,the realization of ecological product value has become an important path for promoting green and low-carbon development.As a key component of ecological products,aquatic ecological products face prominent structural contradictions between supply and demand in the process of value realization due to their characteristics such as fluidity,public welfare,functional complexity,and ecological vulnerability.From the perspective of supply-demand integration,a trinity theoretical framework of “supply system-demand system-integration channel” is constructed.Huzhou,one of the first batches of national pilot cities for the ecological product value realization mechanism,is taken as the study case.The innovative paths and practical mechanisms of its aquatic ecological product value realization are systematically analyzed.On the supply side,a stable and high-quality supply system has been formed by strengthening natural endowments,deepening protection and restoration,and cultivating diversified products.On the demand side,the potential demand of the public,industries,and the government has been transformed into effective demand through measures such as scenario supply,brand empowerment,and assessment-driven incentives.At the level of integration channels,the barriers to supply-demand connection have been effectively addressed through three-dimensional collaborative innovation in systems,markets,and technologies.The practice of Huzhou verifies the effectiveness of the “supply-demand integration” framework,and forms a virtuous cycle of “protection–value increment–monetization–reprotection”.It provides adaptable innovative models and practical references for regions with different resource endowments,economic development levels,and social-technical foundations to solve the difficulties in measurement,transaction,mortgage,and monetization of aquatic ecological products.