生态经济

自然保护区是保护自然资源和生物多样性的重要手段。随着我国自然保护区事业的蓬勃发展,如何提高保护区的管理质量成为当前保护区发展首先要解决的问题。文章以海南铜鼓岭国家级自然保护区为研究对象,研究表明,保护区自1983年建立以来,热带常绿季雨矮林生态系统等主要保护对象得到了有效保护,自然保护区的建设和管理也取得了一定进展。但保护区的保护与发展仍面临一些问题,主要包括:(1)保护区整体面积偏小,重要保护对象分布比较分散;(2)机构设置和管理制度不健全,基础设施和设备不完善;(3)周边社区人口多,人类活动对保护区自然生态系统构成较大影响;(4)周边社区居民的海水养殖活动对保护区海域环境造成威胁;(5)未来几年旅游发展对保护区的压力将显著增大。针对以上问题,提出对策:(1)健全保护区的保护管理机构,实行二级区划;(2)合理划分不同功能分区,制订详尽的生态旅游规划;(3)规范海洋渔业方式,定期检查海水养殖企业的养殖污水达标排放情况;(4)积极推动社区共管,促进社区经济的可持续发展。

Nature Reserves are an important way to protect natural resources and biodiversity. With the rapid development of nature reserves in China, we face the challenge that how to improve the nature reserves management. The study indicates that Tongguling Nature Reserve has made effects on main protected targets conservation and self-management construction since 1983. However, there are still some problems, mainly including: 1) small area and separate distribution of main protected targets; 2) unfit institution setting and management system, poor foundational infrastructure and equipment; 3) large community population and their bad effects on nature ecosystem within nature reserve; 4) threats on sea area circumstance that emerged from seawater breeding; 5) greater pressures from tourism development in the coming years. Aiming at solving these problems and improving the management effectiveness, the author suggested taking measures through: 1)improving the management institution by 2-level; 2)reasonable management zoning and detailed ecotourism planning; 3)standardization seawater fishery, trebly examine the sewerage ejection; 4)implementation of community co-management in order to promote and support the sustainable development of the community.