生态经济

绿水青山就是金山银山理念(简称“两山”理念)是对“只要经济增长，不要环境保护”的传统经济增长观和“只要环境保护，不要经济增长”的环境保护观的超越。“两山”理念诞生的现实背景是遭遇“高投入、高消耗、高排放、高产出”引致的“成长中的烦恼”。“两山”理念经历了人类关于“绿水青山”和“金山银山”关系认识的“三阶段论”，并升华为党和国家最高领导人的“三个重要论断”，最终转化为党和国家的指导思想。浙江省践行“两山”理念经历了“绿色浙江—生态浙江—美丽浙江—诗画浙江”的生态文明建设战略的迭代升级。二十年来，浙江省坚持生态优先，持续做大绿水青山；坚持绿色发展，持续做高金山银山；坚持共建共享，持续做好生态共富。浙江的实践表明，生态文明建设必须弘扬“接力棒”精神，展现“出头鸟”姿态，运用“系统论”方法，采取“组合拳”招数，凝聚“群贤汇”合力。

The concept that lucid waters and lush mountains are invaluable assets (referred to as the “Two-Mountains” Concept for short) transcends the traditional economic growth paradigms of “economic growth without environmental protection” and environmental protection paradigms “environmental protection without economic growth”.The emergence of the “Two Mountains” Concept was driven by the “growing pains” caused by the “high investment,high consumption,high emissions,and high output” model.The understanding of the “Two Mountains” Concept has evolved through three developmental stages:In the first stage,both lucid waters and lush mountains and mountains of gold and silver are needed;in the second stage,lucid waters and lush mountains are preferred over mountains of gold and silver;and in the third stage,lucid waters and lush mountains are mountains of gold and silver,forming a systematic theoretical framework.This theoretical construct was systematically crystallized into three foundational doctrines by the CPC Central Committee,subsequently institutionalized as constitutional principles guiding the Party’s governance and national development strategies.Zhejiang Province has undergone a strategic evolution in ecological civilization construction,progressing through “Green Zhejiang-Ecological Zhejiang-Beautiful Zhejiang-Poetic Zhejiang” while implementing the “Two Mountains” Concept.Over the past two decades,the province has consistently prioritized ecology to expand its green landscapes,pursued green development to elevate economic prosperity,and promoted shared governance to advance ecological prosperity for all.Zhejiang’s practice demonstrates that ecological civilization construction requires:sustaining efforts through “relay baton” perseverance,demonstrating “trailblazing” leadership,applying “systems thinking” methodology,employing “comprehensive policy packages”,and harnessing “collective wisdom” collaboration.